Impact of Inorganic Nanoparticle Additives on Gasoline and Compressed Natural Gas Lubricants for Enhanced Power Efficiency and Emissions Reduction

Abstract

The study investigates the impact of boron addition on gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) lubricants, aiming to improve power efficiency as well as minimize the emissions of climate-changing gases from moveable electrical systems. Featuring a 2.5 kW, 50 Hz, and 230V four-stroke fuel-injected engine model, the research examined the impact of boron addition on torque and emission data in boron-containing lubricants. The tests utilized SAE 40 Total Motor oil and SAE 20W50 Total Quartz 3000 Car Engine Oil, both sourced from authorized dealers. The measurement process involves using a digital tachometer, a contact-type torque meter, and a 5-gas exhaust analyzer to analyze average measurements for data analysis. The finding reveals a 3.57% torque output loss at 3992 rpm high speed in all lubricating oils, with boron additions minimizing this loss significantly in SAE 20W50 oils compared to SAE 40 oils. At higher speed, the risk of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, nitrogen oxide (NOx), total hydrocarbons (THC), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduced by 82.35%, 50%, 87.53%, and 92.86%, respectively, in greenhouse emissions. The addition of CNG and boron-containing enhancements to rubbing lubricants resulted in an elevated torque of 11.5 Nm at low speed, and there was an appreciable low in emissions of 82.68%. The combined additives suspended contaminants in oil, burned cleaner, and kept the engine neat and cost-effective, improved fuel and power efficiencies, and reduced emissions in portable household generators for a prolonged service life.