Secure and Scalable Internet of Things (IOT) Framework for Multi-Source Energy System Monitoring: A Case Study of a Large Office Complex in Abuja

Abstract

This research presents the development and implementation of a secure and scalable Internet of Things (IoT) framework for monitoring multi-source energy systems in large commercial buildings. The study addresses the growing need for efficient energy management by integrating real-time data from national grid connections, photovoltaic systems, and diesel generators. A comprehensive methodology was employed, beginning with empirical data collection from a case study site in Abuja, Nigeria, followed by MATLAB-based simulation development and ThingSpeak platform implementation for web-based monitoring. The framework demonstrated exceptional performance with 100% data reception over a two-year simulation period using 15-second sampling intervals. Security testing validated robust protection against Structured Query Language (SQL) injection and cross-site scripting attacks, whilst scalability assessments confirmed consistent performance with up to 500 concurrent users. The system successfully monitored solar power generation peaks of 25 kW, constant grid supply of 200 kW, and generator output ranging from 10 kW to 50 kW. Real-time monitoring capabilities enabled immediate identification of energy deficits and surpluses, supporting informed decision-making for facility managers. The research outcomes demonstrate significant potential for wider deployment in similar commercial buildings, contributing to enhanced energy security, cost optimisation, and sustainability goals in developing economies.