Modelling, Simulation and Experimental Evaluation of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with Aerodynamic Spoiler for Improvement in Electricity Generation

Abstract

This study investigates the aerodynamic enhancement of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) through the integration of a custom-designed spoiler to improve electricity generation efficiency. A detailed 3D model was developed in SolidWorks and analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate airflow behavior, pressure distribution, and performance across various wind speeds and angles of attack. Results from CFD simulations showed a 12% increase in dynamic pressure and an 18% rise in power output due to improved lift-to-drag ratios and delayed flow separation. Experimental validation in a subsonic wind tunnel compared baseline and spoiler-equipped blades on symmetrical and unsymmetrical airfoils at 0° and 5° angles of attack, showing lift coefficient gains up to 1.04 and 0.83, respectively. The findings confirm the spoiler’s effectiveness in enhancing aerodynamic efficiency and energy output, demonstrating its potential for practical application in small- to medium-scale wind energy systems.