Development and Performance Evaluation of a Solar-Powered Domestic Water Pump Using Locally Available Materials

Abstract

Access to reliable domestic water supply remains a major challenge in many developing regions due to high energy costs, unreliable electricity supply, and environmental concerns associated with fossil-fuel-based pumping systems. Conventional electric and diesel-powered water pumps contribute significantly to operational expenses, greenhouse gas emissions, and system unreliability, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas. This study addresses these challenges by developing and evaluating the performance of a solar-powered domestic water pumping system using locally available materials. The aim of the study is to design a cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and reliable alternative water pumping solution suitable for domestic applications. The methodology involved the conceptual design, component sizing, fabrication, and experimental testing of a photovoltaic-powered pumping system comprising a monocrystalline solar panel, charge controller, inverter, battery storage unit, and a centrifugal water pump. Design calculations were carried out for pump selection, hydraulic power, battery sizing, inverter capacity, and solar panel requirements. The system was fabricated using locally sourced materials to enhance affordability and ease of maintenance. Performance evaluation was conducted through field testing under actual operating conditions, with voltage, flow rate, and efficiency measurements recorded. Results indicate that the system successfully pumped water to an elevated storage tank at a flow rate of 0.35 L/s, achieving an overall pump efficiency of approximately 58.33%. The findings demonstrate that solar-powered pumping systems can provide a reliable and clean alternative to conventional systems while reducing energy costs and environmental impact. The study concludes that solar-powered water pumping systems using locally available materials are technically feasible, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable for domestic water supply applications, especially in off-grid and energy-constrained regions.