Appraising the Impact of Granite Quarrying on the Magashanu Community in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study is aimed at appraising the environmental and socio-economic impacts of granite quarrying on Magashanu community in Kaduna State, North-western Nigeria. Representative samples of soil and water were collected from within the community, alongside rock samples obtained from Tutu and Datum quarries, and subjected to laboratory analysis. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) was employed to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in water and soil, while X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was used to determine the lithochemical composition of rock samples. Data from field surveys, including questionnaires, oral interviews, and visual assessments, were complemented by secondary sources and analyzed. Findings revealed that most heavy metal concentrations, including Fe, Co, Cu, Cr, Cd, Zn, and Mn, were within the World Health Organisation (WHO) permissible limits in soil and water samples. However, lead (Pb) concentrations in soil averaged 0.58 ppm, exceeding the WHO threshold of 0.15 ppm, indicating potential long-term environmental and health risks. Silicon content in quarry rock samples ranged from 50% - 58%, suggesting a significant risk of silica dust inhalation with prolonged exposure. Beyond chemical contamination, community feedback and field observations highlighted persistent environmental nuisances, including dust emissions, noise pollution, ground vibrations, and structural damage to buildings. The study highlights growing community concerns over environmental degradation and inadequate corporate social responsibility (CSR) from quarry operators. Hence, improved environmental management, enhanced regulatory enforcement, and strengthened stakeholder engagement are critical for mitigating quarry-related impacts and fostering sustainable coexistence between the industry and host communities.